Internet Visualization from the of the various routes through a portion of the Internet types by area. Internet. This box: The Internet is a global system of interconnected that use the standard (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of resources and services, such as the inter-linked documents of the (WWW) and the infrastructure to support. Most traditional communications media including, music, film, and television are reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as (VoIP).

Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to technology, or are reshaped into. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through,. Has boomed both for major retail outlets and small and traders.

And on the Internet affect across entire industries. The origins of the Internet reach back to research of the 1960s, commissioned by the United States government in collaboration with private commercial interests to build robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The funding of a new U.S. By the in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life.

As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population used the services of the Internet. The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal in the Internet, the space and the, are directed by a maintainer organization, the (ICANN).

The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols ( and ) is an activity of the (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise. See also: Internet is a short form of the technical term, the result of interconnecting computer networks with special gateways or routers.

The Internet is also often referred to as the Net. The term the Internet, when referring to the entire global system of IP networks, has been treated as a and written with an initial. In the media and popular culture a trend has also developed to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as 'the internet', without capitalization.

Some guides specify that the word should be capitalized as a noun but not capitalized as an adjective. Depiction of the Internet as a cloud in network diagramsThe terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software that provides connectivity between computers.

In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other, linked.

In many technical illustrations when the precise location or interrelation of Internet resources is not important, extended networks such as the Internet are often depicted as a cloud. The verbal image has been formalized in the newer concept of. Main article: The 's launch of spurred the United States to create the (ARPA, later DARPA) in February to regain a technological lead. ARPA created the (IPTO) to further the research of the (SAGE) program, which had networked country-wide systems together for the first time. The IPTO's purpose was to find ways to address the US military's concern about survivability of their communications networks, and as a first step interconnect their computers at the, and., a promoter of universal networking, was selected to head the IPTO.

Licklider moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at to in, after becoming interested in. At MIT, he served on a committee that established and worked on the SAGE project.

In he became a Vice President at, where he bought the first production computer and conducted the first public demonstration of. Professor with the first ARPANET at UCLAAt the IPTO, Licklider's successor in 1965 got to start a project to make a network, and Roberts based the technology on the work of, who had written an exhaustive study for the that recommended (opposed to ) to achieve better network robustness and disaster survivability. Roberts had worked at the originally established to work on the design of the SAGE system. UCLA professor had provided the theoretical foundations for packet networks in 1962, and later, in the 1970s, for, concepts which have been the underpinning of the development towards today's Internet. Sutherland's successor convinced Roberts to build on his early packet switching successes and come and be the IPTO Chief Scientist. Once there, Roberts prepared a report called Resource Sharing Computer Networks which was approved by Taylor in June 1968 and laid the foundation for the launch of the working ARPANET the following year. After much work, the first two nodes of what would become the were interconnected between Kleinrock's Network Measurement Center at the and NLS system at (SRI) in, on 29 October 1969.

The third site on the ARPANET was the Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics center at the, and the fourth was the Graphics Department. In an early sign of future growth, there were already fifteen sites connected to the young ARPANET by the end of 1971. In an independent development, at the developed the concept of packet switching in the early 1960s, first giving a talk on the subject in 1965, after which the teams in the new field from two sides of the Atlantic ocean first became acquainted.

It was actually Davies' coinage of the wording packet and packet switching that was adopted as the standard terminology. Davies also built a packet-switched network in the UK, called the Mark I in 1970. Bolt, Beranek & Newman (BBN), the private contractors for ARPANET, set out to create a separate commercial version after establishing 'value added carriers' was legalized in the U.S. The network they established was called and began operation in 1975, installing free public in cities throughout the U.S. Telenet was the first packet-switching network open to the general public. Following the demonstration that packet switching worked on the ARPANET, the, and TRANSPAC collaborated to create the first international packet-switched network service.

In the UK, this was referred to as the (IPSS), in. The collection of -based networks grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981. The X.25 packet switching standard was developed in the CCITT (now called ) around 1976. X.25 was independent of the TCP/IP protocols that arose from the experimental work of DARPA on the ARPANET, Packet Radio Net, and Packet Satellite Net during the same time period.

The early ARPANET ran on the (NCP), implementing the host-to-host connectivity and switching layers of the protocol stack, designed and first implemented in December 1970 by a team called the Network Working Group (NWG) led. To respond to the network's rapid growth as more and more locations connected, and developed the first description of the now widely used TCP protocols during 1973 and published a paper on the subject in May 1974. Use of the term 'Internet' to describe a single global originated in December 1974 with the publication of, the first full specification of TCP that was written by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, then at.

During the next nine years, work proceeded to refine the protocols and to implement them on a wide range of operating systems. The first -based wide-area network was operational by 1 January 1983 when all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the older NCP protocols. T3 NSFNET Backbone, c. 1992In 1985, the United States' (NSF) commissioned the construction of the, a university 56 /second network backbone using computers called ' by their inventor,. The following year, NSF sponsored the conversion to a higher-speed 1.5 network that became operational in 1988. A key decision to use the DARPA protocols was made by Dennis Jennings, then in charge of the Supercomputer program at NSF. The NSFNET backbone was upgraded to 45 Mbps in 1991 and decommissioned in 1995 when it was replaced by new backbone networks operated by commercial.

The opening of the NSFNET to other networks began in 1988. The US Federal Networking Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the commercial system in that year and the link was made in the summer of 1989. Other commercial electronic mail services were soon connected, including OnTyme, Telemail and Compuserve. In that same year, three commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began operations:, and CERFNET. Important, separate networks that offered gateways into, then later merged with, the Internet include. Various other commercial and educational networks, such as (by that time renamed to Sprintnet), and were interconnected with the growing Internet in the 1980s as the TCP/IP protocol became increasingly popular. The adaptability of TCP/IP to existing communication networks allowed for rapid growth.

The open availability of the specifications and reference code permitted commercial vendors to build interoperable network components, such as routers, making standardized network gear available from many companies. This aided in the rapid growth of the Internet and the proliferation of local-area networking. It seeded the widespread implementation and rigorous standardization of TCP/IP on and virtually every other common operating system. This was used by at and became the world's first. Although the basic applications and guidelines that make the Internet possible had existed for almost two decades, the network did not gain a public face until the 1990s. On 6 August 1991, a pan-European organization for particle research, publicized the new project.

The Web was invented by British scientist in 1989. An early popular was, patterned after and built using the. It was eventually replaced in popularity by the web browser. In 1993, the at the released version 1.0 of Mosaic, and by late 1994 there was growing public interest in the previously academic, technical Internet. By 1996 usage of the word Internet had become commonplace, and consequently, so had its use as a in reference to the World Wide Web. Meanwhile, over the course of the decade, the Internet successfully accommodated the majority of previously existing public computer networks (although some networks, such as, have remained separate). During the late 1990s, it was estimated that traffic on the public Internet grew by 100 percent per year, while the mean annual growth in the number of Internet users was thought to be between 20% and 50%.

This growth is often attributed to the lack of central administration, which allows organic growth of the network, as well as the non-proprietary open nature of the Internet protocols, which encourages vendor interoperability and prevents any one company from exerting too much control over the network. The estimated population of is 1.97 billion as of 30 June 2010. From 2009 onward, the Internet is expected to grow significantly in, and (BRICI countries). These countries have large and moderate to high economic growth, but still low Internet penetration rates. In 2009, the BRICI countries represented about 45 percent of the world's population and had approximately 610 million Internet users, but by 2015, Internet users in BRICI countries will double to 1.2 billion, and will triple in Indonesia. Technology Protocols. Main article: The complex communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture.

While the hardware can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides the foundation for its scalability and success. The responsibility for the architectural design of the Internet software systems has been delegated to the (IETF). The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups, open to any individual, about the various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and final standards are published in a series of publications, each called a (RFC), freely available on the IETF web site. The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in specially designated RFCs that constitute the.

Other less rigorous documents are simply informative, experimental, or historical, or document the best current practices (BCP) when implementing Internet technologies. The Internet Standards describe a framework known as the. This is a model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (, ).

The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate. At the top is the, the space for the application-specific networking methods used in software applications, e.g., a web browser program. Below this top layer, the connects applications on different hosts via the network (e.g., ) with appropriate data exchange methods. Underlying these layers are the core networking technologies, consisting of two layers. The enables computers to identify and locate each other via, and allows them to connect to one-another via intermediate (transit) networks. Lastly, at the bottom of the architecture, is a software layer, the, that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local network link, such as a local area network or a. The model, also known as, is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware which the model therefore does not concern itself with in any detail.

Other models have been developed, such as the (OSI) model, but they are not compatible in the details of description, nor implementation, but many similarities exist and the TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the discussion of OSI networking. The most prominent component of the Internet model is the (IP) which provides addressing systems for computers on the Internet. IP enables and essentially establishes the Internet itself. IP Version 4 is the initial version used on the first generation of the today's Internet and is still in dominant use. It was designed to address up to 4.3 billion (10 9) Internet hosts. However, the explosive growth of the Internet has led to which is estimated to enter its final stage in approximately 2011. A new protocol version, was developed in the mid 1990s which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing of Internet traffic.

Is currently in commercial phase around the world and Internet address registries have begun to urge all resource managers to plan rapid adoption and conversion. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. It essentially establishes a 'parallel' version of the Internet not directly accessible with IPv4 software. This means software upgrades or translator facilities are necessary for every networking device that needs to communicate on the IPv6 Internet.

Most modern computer operating systems are already converted to operate with both versions of the Internet Protocol. Network infrastructures, however, are still lagging in this development. Aside from the complex physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., ), and by technical specifications or that describe how to exchange over the network.

Indeed, the Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing policies. StructureThe Internet structure and its usage characteristics have been studied extensively. It has been determined that both the Internet IP routing structure and hypertext links of the World Wide Web are examples of. Similar to the way the commercial Internet providers connect via, research networks tend to interconnect into large subnetworks such as, (successor of the ), and the UK's.

These in turn are built around smaller networks (see also the list of ). Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a 'prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system'. The Internet is extremely heterogeneous; for instance, and physical characteristics of connections vary widely. The Internet exhibits ' that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer rates exhibit temporal.

The principles of the routing and addressing methods for traffic in the Internet reach back to their origins the 1960s when the eventual scale and popularity of the network could not be anticipated. Thus, the possibility of developing alternative structures is investigated. ICANN headquarters in, California, United StatesThe Internet is a comprising many voluntarily interconnected autonomous networks. It operates without a central governing body. However, to maintain interoperability, all technical and policy aspects of the underlying core infrastructure and the principal are administered by the (ICANN), headquartered in. ICANN is the authority that coordinates the assignment of unique identifiers for use on the Internet, including, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, application port numbers in the transport protocols, and many other parameters.

Globally unified name spaces, in which names and numbers are uniquely assigned, are essential for the global reach of the Internet. ICANN is governed by an international board of directors drawn from across the Internet technical, business, academic, and other non-commercial communities. The government of the United States continues to have the primary role in approving changes to the that lies at the heart of the domain name system. ICANN's role in coordinating the assignment of unique identifiers distinguishes it as perhaps the only central coordinating body on the global Internet. On 16 November 2005, the, held in, established the (IGF) to discuss Internet-related issues. Modern usesThe Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections. The Internet can now be accessed almost anywhere by numerous means, especially through.

Mobile phones, and allow users to connect to the Internet from anywhere there is a wireless network supporting that device's technology. Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities of such pocket-sized devices, services of the Internet, including email and the web, may be available. Service providers may restrict the services offered and wireless data transmission charges may be significantly higher than other access methods. Educational material at all levels from pre-school to post-doctoral is available from.

Examples range from, through school and high-school revision guides, to access to top-end scholarly literature through the likes of. In, help with and other assignments, self-guided learning, whiling away spare time, or just looking up more detail on an interesting fact, it has never been easier for people to access educational information at any level from anywhere. The Internet in general and the in particular are important enablers of both. The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made work dramatically easier, with the help of. Not only can a group cheaply communicate and share ideas, but the wide reach of the Internet allows such groups to easily form in the first place.

An example of this is the, which has produced, among other programs,. Internet 'chat', whether in the form of chat rooms or channels, or via systems, allow colleagues to stay in touch in a very convenient way when working at their computers during the day. Messages can be exchanged even more quickly and conveniently than via email. Extensions to these systems may allow files to be exchanged, 'whiteboard' drawings to be shared or voice and video contact between team members. Systems allow collaborating teams to work on shared sets of documents without either accidentally overwriting each other's work or having members wait until they get 'sent' documents to be able to make their contributions. Business and project teams can share calendars as well as documents and other information.

Such collaboration occurs in a wide variety of areas including scientific research, software development, conference planning, political activism and creative writing. Social and political collaboration is also becoming more widespread as both Internet access and grow. From the 'events' of the early 2000s to the, the Internet allows people to work together more effectively and in many more ways than was possible without it is. The Internet allows computer users to other computers and information stores easily, wherever they may be across the world. They may do this with or without the use of, authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements. This is encouraging new ways of working from home, collaboration and information sharing in many industries. An sitting at home can the books of a company based in another country, on a situated in a third country that is remotely maintained by IT specialists in a fourth.

These accounts could have been created by home-working bookkeepers, in other remote locations, based on information emailed to them from offices all over the world. Some of these things were possible before the widespread use of the Internet, but the cost of private would have made many of them infeasible in practice. An office worker away from their desk, perhaps on the other side of the world on a business trip or a holiday, can open a session into his normal office PC using a secure (VPN) connection via the Internet. This gives the worker complete access to all of his or her normal files and data, including email and other applications, while away from the office.

This concept has been referred to among as the Virtual Private Nightmare, because it extends the secure perimeter of a corporate network into its employees' homes. Services InformationMany people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably, but the two terms are not. The is a global set of, and other resources, logically interrelated by and referenced with (URIs).

URIs allow providers to symbolically identify services and clients to locate and address, file servers, and other databases that store documents and provide resources and access them using the (HTTP), the primary carrier protocol of the Web. HTTP is only one of the hundreds of communication protocols used on the Internet. May also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. World Wide Web browser software, such as 's, 's, and, let users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of, including graphics, sounds, and interactive content including, and scientific demonstrations. Through -driven using like and, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed and traditional, the World Wide Web has enabled the decentralization of information.

The Web has also enabled individuals and organizations to ideas and information to a potentially large online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Publishing a web page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial and many cost-free services are available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however.

Many individuals and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage to communicate advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is, whose publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.

Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as and have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings.

These operations often brand themselves as rather than simply as web page hosts. On popular web pages can be lucrative, and or the sale of products and services directly via the Web continues to grow. When the Web began in the 1990s, a typical web page was stored in completed form on a web server, formatted with, ready to be sent to a user's browser in response to a request.

Over time, the process of creating and serving web pages has become more automated and more dynamic. Websites are often created using or software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organization or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors. Communication, or email, is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as.

Emails can be to multiple. Is another common communications service made possible by the creation of the Internet.

Stands for Voice-over-, referring to the protocol that underlies all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with -like voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service. Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a call from a traditional telephone is available.

Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are available that eliminate the need for a personal computer. Voice quality can still vary from call to call but is often equal to and can even exceed that of traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include dialing and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure; VoIP does not do so without a for the phone equipment and the Internet access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form of communication between players.

Popular VoIP clients for gaming include and., and also offer VoIP chat features. Data transfer is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or server for easy download by others. It can be put into a 'shared location' or onto a for instant use by colleagues.

Chanalyzer 3.2 For Wi Spy Download Safari 3.2 For Mac Download

The load of bulk downloads to many users can be eased by the use of ' servers or networks. In any of these cases, access to the file may be controlled by user, the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also passed—usually fully encrypted—across the Internet.

The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by or by or other message digests. These simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography, graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing industries that previously controlled the production and distribution of these products.

Is the real-time delivery of digital media for the immediate consumption or enjoyment by end users. Many radio and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their live audio and video productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features.

These providers have been joined by a range of pure Internet 'broadcasters' who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internet-connected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical to on-demand popular multimedia services. Is a variation on this theme, where—usually audio—material is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material worldwide.

Digital media streaming increases the demand for network bandwidth. For example, standard image quality needs 1 Mbps link speed for SD 480p, HD 720p quality requires 2.5 Mbps, and the top-of-the-line HDX quality needs 4.5 Mbps for 1080p. Are a low-cost extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give full-frame-rate video, the picture is usually either small or updates slowly.

Internet users can watch animals around an African waterhole, ships in the, traffic at a local roundabout or monitor their own premises, live and in real time. Video and are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way sound. YouTube was founded on 15 February 2005 and is now the leading website for free streaming video with a vast number of users. It uses a -based web player to stream and show video files. Registered users may upload an unlimited amount of video and build their own personal profile. YouTube claims that its users watch hundreds of millions, and upload hundreds of thousands of videos daily.

Graph of Internet users per 100 inhabitants between 1997 and 2007 by The prevalent language for communication on the Internet has been English. This may be a result of the origin of the Internet, as well as the language's role as a. Early computer systems were limited to the characters in the (ASCII), a subset of the.

After English (27%), the most requested languages on the are Chinese (23%), Spanish (8%), Japanese (5%), Portuguese and German (4% each), Arabic, French and Russian (3% each), and Korean (2%). By region, 42% of the world's are based in Asia, 24% in Europe, 14% in North America, 10% in and the taken together, 6% in Africa, 3% in the Middle East and 1% in Australia/.

The Internet's technologies have developed enough in recent years, especially in the use of, that good facilities are available for development and communication in the world's widely used languages. However, some glitches such as (incorrect display of some languages' characters) still remain. Common methods of in homes include, landline (over, or wires), and / technology. Public places to use the Internet include libraries and, where computers with Internet connections are available. There are also in many public places such as airport halls and coffee shops, in some cases just for brief use while standing.

Various terms are used, such as 'public Internet kiosk', 'public access terminal', and 'Web '. Many hotels now also have public terminals, though these are usually fee-based. These terminals are widely accessed for various usage like ticket booking, bank deposit, online payment etc. Wi-Fi provides wireless access to computer networks, and therefore can do so to the Internet itself. Providing such access include, where would-be users need to bring their own wireless-enabled devices such as a laptop.

These services may be free to all, free to customers only, or fee-based. A hotspot need not be limited to a confined location. A whole campus or park, or even an entire city can be enabled.

Efforts have led to. Commercial Wi-Fi services covering large city areas are in place in London, San Francisco, Chicago. The Internet can then be accessed from such places as a park bench. Apart from Wi-Fi, there have been experiments with proprietary mobile wireless networks like, various high-speed data services over cellular phone networks, and fixed wireless services. High-end mobile phones such as generally come with Internet access through the phone network.

Web browsers such as are available on these advanced handsets, which can also run a wide variety of other Internet software. More mobile phones have Internet access than PCs, though this is not as widely used. An Internet access provider and protocol matrix differentiates the methods used to get online. In contrast, an Internet blackout or outage can be caused by accidental local signaling interruptions. Disruptions of may cause blackouts or slowdowns to large areas depending on them, such as in the. Internet blackouts of almost entire countries can be achieved by governments as, such as with the, where approximately 93% of networks were shut down in 2011 in an attempt to stop mobilisation for. In an American study in 2005, the percentage of men using the Internet was very slightly ahead of the percentage of women, although this difference reversed in those under 30.

Men logged on more often, spend more time online, and are more likely to be users, whereas women tended to make more use of opportunities to communicate (such as email). Men were more likely to use the Internet to pay bills, participate in auctions, and for recreation such as downloading music and videos. Men and women were equally likely to use the Internet for shopping and banking. More recent studies indicate that in 2008, women significantly outnumbered men on most social networking sites, such as and, although the ratios varied with age. In addition, women watched more streaming content, whereas men downloaded more. In terms of, men were more likely to blog in the first place; among those who blog, men were more likely to have a professional blog, whereas women were more likely to have a personal blog.

Overall Internet usage has seen tremendous growth. From 2000 to 2009, the number of Internet users globally rose from 394 million to 1.858 billion. Social impact.

Aug 29, 2018 - In our list of the best external hard drives for Macs, we look at external drives that have been especially made for Apple MacBooks and Mac. Choose from: G-Technology 1TB G-DRIVE mobile SSD R-Series Storage,G-Technology 1TB G-DRIVE mobile USB-C Portable Hard Drive. LaCie 2TB Rugged Thunderbolt + USB-C LaCie 4TB Rugged USB-C Portable External Hard Drive - Previous Gallery Image. LaCie 4TB Rugged USB-C Portable External Hard Drive - Next Gallery Image. Items 1 - 24 of 105 - Shop for Mac external hard drives at Best Buy. Compare and read customer reviews to purchase the Apple hard drive that fits your needs. Apple mac external hard drive. LaCie 4TB Rugged USB-C Portable External Hard Drive. LaCie 4TB Rugged RAID Thunderbolt + USB 3.0 Portable Hard Drive - Previous Gallery Image. LaCie 4TB Rugged RAID Thunderbolt + USB 3.0 Portable Hard Drive - Next Gallery Image.